5/1/2023 0 Comments Freedom of speech amendment![]() ![]() ![]() Although the protesters were silent, their presence and messaging amplified the inequality that existed at home while the United States was fighting World War One abroad to make “the world safe for democracy.” The Silent Sentinels used silence instead of loud demonstrations as a form of protest, which was a new strategy within the national suffrage movement. The protesters wore sashes, held banners, and carried flags with messaging on them in support of women’s right to vote. The Silent Sentinels protested in front of the White House during Woodrow Wilson’s presidency, from January of 1917 to June of 1919. One of the most iconic protests of the Women’s Suffrage Movement was conducted by a group called the “Silent Sentinels” organized by Alice Paul, a Quaker women’s rights activist with a commitment to non-violence and women’s suffrage. Eichman (1990), the Court declared the Flag Protection Act of 1989 unconstitutional on these grounds.Sometimes, the most powerful speech can involve no words at all. The Supreme Court has sometimes protected such actions even though people might find them objectionable because they are, in effect, expressions of political ideas. Examples of symbolic speech include burning the American flag and burning draft cards during the Vietnam War. Some forms of speech involve not words but actions, usually as part of a political protest. Regarding public speech, the Court has tended to approve laws that are very narrowly drawn and to reject those that paint limitations on public speech with too broad a brush. There have been cases in which a speaker was arrested because what was said might have caused a riot or a harmful disturbance. Some statements are deemed fighting words and are not protected. Nonpolitical public speech may not be to everyone's taste, and the Supreme Court has had to consider laws that restrict it. Under Chief Justice Earl Warren, the Court took the position that political speech was protected under the First Amendment unless it incited "imminent lawless action" or was "likely to produce such action." The Supreme Court upheld the Smith Act (1940) that made it a crime to advocate the overthrow of the government by force. Through the early years of the Cold War, the clear and present danger test was used to limit the free speech of socialists and communists. United States (1919), Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes stated that freedom of speech could be restricted if the speech represented a clear and present danger the example he gave was that a person could not shout, "Fire!" in a crowded theater that was not on fire. There are two important limitations on freedom of speech: speech cannot threaten the public order or be obscene. The Supreme Court has protected certain kinds of speech in certain circumstances but not all kinds of speech. One view separates public or political speech from private speech, holding that the latter may be limited with respect to the rights of others. The key question with free speech is what constitutes "speech" itself. The First Amendment: Freedom of Religion.The First Amendment: Freedom of the Press.Getting Nominated and Campaigning for Office.The Strengths and Weaknesses of Political Parties.The Structure of the Mass Media and Government Regulation.The Structure of the Federal Bureaucracy.The Functions of the Federal Bureaucracy.The Vice President and Presidential Succession.The Amendment Process and Bill of Rights.
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